GENETICS

If we we're talking about health It seems we are talking about the same thing because there are similarities. 

     If you study health status you find out there we're something's that others can do which you cannot do, due to the function of Gene located in the chromosome. 

     What is GENE? Gene is a section of DNA on a chromosome that is responsible for a particular character. 

      In the process of studying your health status, One has to consider the family in general, which means   there are something you need to know about your family, after knowing all this thing, that's when you will find out who you are and you've studies yourself in health. 

       In some family they have the ability to roll their tongues, but some family cannot or even it maybe intra-family, which means in the family there maybe some people that can roll their tongue while some people in the same family may not,  some people can do skills which maybe much more than other's, or someone may possess strong intelligence that will be much more than the other's, those people during these things are called "GENIUS" 

     GENIUS:- A person that has high level of intelligence of skills much more than other. 

     By the way this gene will be pick from the  family, some times a child can be brilliant why his parents are not brilliant these happen because there is someone  in the family that is brilliant, If we trace all the family generations we will pick the gene out of all the generations. 

            TWO TYPE OF GENE 

1. Phenotype

2. Genotype 

1. PHENOTYPE:-

     Is the organism appearance (physical character). 

       The term "phenotype" refers to the observable physical properties of an organism; these include the organism's appearance, development, and behavior. An organism's phenotype is determined by its genotype, which is the set of genes the organism carries, as well as by environmental influences upon these genes. Due to the influence of environmental factors, organisms with identical genotypes, such as identical twins, ultimately express nonidentical phenotypes because each organism encounters unique environmental influences as it develops. Examples of phenotypes include height, wing length, and hair color. Phenotypes also include observable characteristics that can be measured in the laboratory, such as levels of hormones or blood cells.

          Phenotype examples

         Environmental factors that may influence the phenotype include nutrition, temperature, humidity and stress. Flamingos are a classic example of how the environment influences the phenotype. Whilst renowned for being vibrantly pink, their natural color is white – the pink color is caused by pigments in the organisms in their diet.

         A second example is an individual's skin color. Our genes control the amount and type of melanin that we produce, however, exposure to UV light in sunny climates causes the darkening of existing melanin and encourages increased melanogenesis and thus darker skin.

2. GENOTYPE:-

      It the combinations of alleles an organisms inherit from it's parent(genes). 

     In biology, a gene is a section of DNA that encodes a trait. The precise arrangement of nucleotides (each composed of a phosphate group, sugar and a base) in a gene can differ between copies of the same gene. Therefore, a gene can exist in different forms across organisms. These different forms are known as alleles. The exact fixed position on the chromosome that contains a particular gene is known as a locus.

A diploid organism either inherits two copies of the same allele or one copy of two different alleles from their parents. If an individual inherits two identical alleles, their genotype is said to be homozygous at that locus.

However, if they possess two different alleles, their genotype is classed as heterozygous for that locus. Alleles of the same gene are either autosomal dominant or recessive. An autosomal dominant allele will always be preferentially expressed over a recessive allele.

The subsequent combination of alleles that an individual possesses for a specific gene is their genotype.  

Genotype examples

Let’s look at a classic example – eye color.

A gene encodes eye color.

In this example, the allele is either brown, or blue, with one inherited from the mother, and the other inherited from the father.

The brown allele is dominant (B), and the blue allele is recessive (b). If the child inherits two different alleles (heterozygous) then they will have brown eyes. For the child to have blue eyes, they must be homozygous for the blue eye allele.

Genotype examples

Let’s look at a classic example – eye color.

A gene encodes eye color.

In this example, the allele is either brown, or blue, with one inherited from the mother, and the other inherited from the father.

The brown allele is dominant (B), and the blue allele is recessive (b). If the child inherits two different alleles (heterozygous) then they will have brown eyes. For the child to have blue eyes, they must be homozygous for the blue eye allele. 

Figure 1: Inheritance chart detailing 

how an individual may inherit blue or brown eyes depending on the alleles carried by their parents, with the brown eye color allele being dominant and the blue eye color allele being recessive. 

Other examples of  genotype include:

Hair color

Height

Shoe size